Wayne RESA

Unit PlannerChemistry MSS Draft

Wayne RESA / 9 - 12 / Science / Chemistry MSS Draft / Week 14 - Week 16
7 Curriculum Developers

Overview

...
Unit Abstract

Wayne RESA MSS/NGSS aligned high school Chemistry Curriculum 2017; including 8 Units to be taught in a year long chemistry course.

 

Unit 4 begins to explore bonding by investigating electrical charge. This allows students to have evidence for "opposites attract" and for the existence of a mobile, subatomic, negatively charged particle called the electron. This leads to the discussion of what holds atoms together in compounds. As students are exposed to formulas and nomenclature, they begin to see the patterns of how atoms combine to form compounds. The content and skills of Unit 4 lays the groundwork for Unit 5 Chemical Change.

...
Storyline
Narrative
...
Expectations/Standards
NGSS: Disciplinary Core Ideas
NGSS: 9-12
PS1: Matter and Its Interactions
PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter
Each atom has a charged substructure consisting of a nucleus, which is made of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. (HS-PS1-1)
The periodic table orders elements horizontally by the number of protons in the atom’s nucleus and places those with similar chemical properties in columns. The repeating patterns of this table reflect patterns of outer electron states. (HS-PS1-1),(HSPS1-2)
The structure and interactions of matter at the bulk scale are determined by electrical forces within and between atoms. (HSPS1-3),(secondary to HS-PS2-6)
Stable forms of matter are those in which the electric and magnetic field energy is minimized. A stable molecule has less energy than the same set of atoms separated; one must provide at least this energy in order to take the molecule apart. (HS-PS1-4)
PS1.B: Chemical Reactions
Chemical processes, their rates, and whether or not energy is stored or released can be understood in terms of the collisions of molecules and the rearrangements of atoms into new molecules, with consequent changes in the sum of all bond energies in the set of molecules that are matched by changes inkinetic energy. (HSPS1-4),(HS-PS1-5)
PS2: Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions
PS2.B: Types of Interactions
Attraction and repulsion between electric charges at the atomicscale explain the structure, properties, and transformations of matter, as well as the contact forces between material objects.(HS-PS2-6),(secondary to HS-PS1-1),(secondary to HS-PS1-3)
© Copyright 2013 Achieve, Inc. All rights reserved.
Access the interactive version of the NGSS here
Learning Targets

L1: I know substances can change phase, but what about the cannon?

I CAN recognize the difference between a physical change and a chemical change.

L2: How can we classify substances?

I CAN describe the characteristics of an element, a compound, and a mixture.

I CAN classify matter as a mixture or a pure substance.

L3: Can the components of a pure compounds be separated?

I CAN draw and describe the proportional relationship between atoms in a compound.

L4: What holds atoms together in a compound?

I CAN describe the relationship between charged particles.

I CAN explain how an object becomes polarized.

L5: How do atoms become charged particles?

I CAN use the plum-pudding model to explain how atoms become ions.

I CAN predict the ionic charge of an element using the periodic table.

L6: Are all compounds made up of charged particles?

I CAN predict the conductivity of a solution based on the composition of the compound dissolved in water.

L7: How do metallic and nonmetallic elements form compounds?

I CAN name ionic compounds.

I CAN write the formula for ionic compounds using the correct ratio based on ionic charge.

L8: How do we name compounds that are not ionic?

I CAN write formulas and names for non-ionic compounds.

L9:What is our model so far?

I CAN use what I learned in this unit to identify, classify, and name specific types of matter.

...
Enduring Understandings

Grade Band Endpoints

By the end of Grade 8 students should have learned...

 

PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter

  • Pure substances are made from a single type of atom or molecule

  • each pure substance has characteristic physical and chemical properties (for any bulk quantity under given conditions) that can be used to identify it.

 

By the end of grade 12 students should know...

 

PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter

  • The repeating pattern of the periodic tables allows for students to predict valence electrons and ionic charges for metals and nonmetals.

PS2.B: Types of Interactions

  • The structure and interactions of matter at the bulk scale are determined by electrical forces
    within and between atoms.

  • Attraction and repulsion between electric charges at the atomic scale explain the structure, properties, and transformations of matter,

 

Essential Questions

Each lesson in a unit begins with a driving question. These questions could be posted on a driving question board or on a summary chart. The teacher should keep in mind that essential questions in a lesson should include student generated questions about the phenomenon.

 

L1: I know substances can change phase, but what about the cannon?

L2: How can we classify substances?

L3: Can the components of a pure compounds be separated?

I

L4: What holds atoms together in a compound?

L5: How do atoms become charged particles?

L6: Are all compounds made up of charged particles?

L7: How do metallic and nonmetallic elements form compounds?

L8: How do we name compounds that are not ionic?

L9:What is our model so far?

...
Content (Key Concepts)

Unpacking the DCIs

Pieces of the DCI taken from the FRAMEWORK. The entire DCI is not unpacked, just those pieces related to this unit.

PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter

 

“Each atom has a charged substructure consisting of a nucleus, which is made of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons.”

  • Charged particles attract oppositely charged particles and repel similarly charged particles.

  • Atoms that lose electrons from their outer shell have a positive charge and are known as cations.

  • Atoms that gain electrons in their outer shell have a negative charge and are known as anions.

 

“The periodic table places elements with similar chemical properties in columns.”

    • Elements with similar properties have same number of outer electrons

    • The number of valence electrons for an element is based on their position in the periodic table

    • The number of valence electrons largely determines the charge on the ion that will be formed.

 

“The repeating patterns of the periodic table reflect patterns of outer electron states.”

    • Atoms will transfer electrons to/from another atom or share electrons with another atom to form compounds.

    • Often atoms react with other atoms to achieve an octet (8 electrons in outermost shell)

    • It is the number of electrons in the outermost shell (valence electrons) that is most important in determining how an atom will react with another atom to form a compound.

“The structure and interactions of matter at the bulk scale are determined by electrical forces within and between atoms. “

  • Electrons are mobile, protons are “stationary” within the nucleus.

  • The movement of electrons can result in a substance becoming polarized with a higher concentration of electrons at one “pole”.

  • Static electricity (a balloon sticking to the wall) is an observable phenomena that is a result of the mobility of electrons.

 

“Stable forms of matter are those in which the electric and magnetic field energy is minimized.”

  • Cations and anions attract each other resulting in an ionic bond.

  • In an ionic compound the positive charge and the negative charge must be balanced.

  • Covalent compounds consist of non metals. These atoms “share” electrons to create a compound.

 

PS1.B: Chemical Reactions

 

“Chemical properties of the elements involved, can be used to describe and predict chemical reactions.”

  • Two general types of bonds form during chemical reactions: ionic and covalent

  • Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions.

  • In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion.

  • Covalent bonding is the sharing of electrons between atoms. This bonding occurs primarily between nonmetals

 

PS2.B: Types of Interactions

 

“Attraction and repulsion between electric charges at the atomic scale explain the structure, properties, and transformations of matter…”

  • Positively charged cations attract negatively charged anions to form ionic compounds.

 

Skills (Intellectual Processes)

Targeted Scientific Practices

 

Developing and Using Models

Modeling in 9–12 builds on K–8 and progresses to using, synthesizing, and developing models to predict and show relationships among variables between systems and their components in the natural and designed worlds.

  • Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the relationships between systems or between components of a system.

  • Use a model to predict the relationships between systems or between components of a system.

 

Asking Questions

Asking questions and defining problems in 9–12 builds on K–8 experiences and progresses to formulating, refining, and evaluating empirically testable questions and design problems using models and simulations.

  • Ask questions that arise from careful observation of phenomena, or unexpected results, to clarify and/or seek additional information.

  • Ask questions that arise from examining models or a theory, to clarify and/or seek additional information and relationships.

Targeted Cross Cutting Concepts

 

Patterns

  • Observed patterns in nature guide organization and classification and prompt questions about relationships and causes underlying them

 

Systems and System Models

  • A system is an organized group of related objects or components; models can be used for understanding and predicting the behavior of systems.

 

Structure and Function

  • The way an object is shaped or structured determines many of its properties and functions.

 

...