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| This era opens with the world in a very desperate condition. Over 70 million people had been killed in the two world wars, countless other millions died because of disease and poverty generated by depression and the residue of war. Europe, Asia, and much of North Africa were mired in war-related destruction. With Europe in crisis, many of its former colonies were fostering independence movements. The United States emerged from World War II as the major industrial power and, for a brief time, the only atomic power. As one of the Allied Powers from World War II, the Soviet Union occupied Eastern Europe and the eastern portion of Germany at the war’s end. Very quickly, however, the Soviet Union and the United States became enemies. These two rivals engaged in an ideological conflict called the “Cold War.” As economic and political tensions mounted, this war became “hot” as the two superpowers engaged in proxy conflicts. For example, Americans fought against Communists in Korea and Vietnam, while the Soviet Union attempted to spread communism in Latin America and Afghanistan. The deterrence and containment policies of both blocs rested on the arms race and the fear of mutually assured destruction through nuclear war. As the Cold War became an economic drain on the Soviet Union, new leaders altered the ideological landscape. The Cold War abruptly ended in 1989 with the fall of the Berlin Wall. In the aftermath of World War II, attempts were made to restore and stabilize world systems through new sets of trade and political policies. For example, the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and the United Nations were established. However, what some might call economic nationalism, or a new form of mercantilism, dominated most policies until recent calls for global free markets. Also during the Cold War period, the pace at which colonized people achieved independence seemed to quicken (e.g., India in 1947, Indonesia in 1949, and Ghana in 1957). These newly formed nation-states were poor and the international community responded through international governmental and non-governmental organizations. It is also important to note that democratic ideas spread across the globe impacting political change in South Korea, India, Japan, Brazil, South Africa, and the United States through the civil rights movements. |
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| Stage One - Desired Results |
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| How did military, political, technological, and economic changes influence a new world order? | - How did the Cold War and its end reshape the political and economic structure of the world?
- How did decolonization contribute to significant global political transformation?
- How does the second half of the twentieth century reflect continuity and change in world history?
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| Stage Two - Assessment Evidence |
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| Stage Three - Learning Plan |
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| MI: Social Studies (2007) World History & Geography WHG Era 8 – The Cold War and Its Aftermath : The 20th Century Since 1945
8.1 Global and Cross-temporal Expectations
Analyze the global reconfigurations and restructuring of political and economic relationships in the Post-World War II era. 8.1.1 Origins of the Cold War – Describe the factors that contributed to the Cold War including the differences in ideologies and policies of the Soviet bloc and the West; political, economic, and military struggles in the 1940s and 1950s; and development of Communism in China. (See 723) 8.1.2 Cold War Conflicts – Describe the major arenas of conflict, including
• the ways the Soviet Union and the United States attempted to expand power and influence in Korea and Vietnam
• ideological and military competition in THREE of the following areas: Congo, Cuba, Mozambique, Angola, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Bolivia, Chile, Indonesia, and Berlin
• the arms and space race (National Geography Standard 13, p. 210) 8.1.3 End of the Cold War – Develop an argument to explain the end of the Cold War and its significance as a 20th-century event, and the subsequent transitions from bi-polar to multi-polar center(s) of power. 8.1.4 Mapping the 20th Century – Using post-WWI, post-WWII, height of Cold War, and current world political maps, explain the changing configuration of political boundaries in the world caused by the World Wars, the Cold War, and the growth of nationalist sovereign states (including Israel, Jordan, Palestine). 8.2 Interregional or Comparative Expectations
Assess and compare the regional struggles for and against independence, decolonization, and democracy across the world. 8.2.1 The Legacy of Imperialism – Analyze the complex and changing legacy of imperialism in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America during and after the Cold War such as apartheid, civil war in Nigeria, Vietnam, Cuba, Guatemala, and the changing nature of exploitation of resources (human and natural). (National Geography Standards 11 and 16, pp. 206 and 216) 8.2.2 Independence, Decolonization, and Democratization Movements – Compare the independence movements and formation of new nations in the Indian Subcontinent, Africa, Eastern Europe, and Southeast Asia during and after the Cold War. 8.2.3 Middle East – Analyze the interregional causes and consequences of conflicts in the Middle East, including the development of the state of Israel, Arab-Israeli disputes, Palestine, the Suez crisis, and the nature of the continuing conflict. Copyright © 2001-2015 State of Michigan |
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