| STANDARD E1: INQUIRY, REFLECTION, AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS Students will understand the nature of science and demonstrate an ability to practice scientific reasoning by applying it to the design, execution, and evaluation of scientific investigations. Students will demonstrate their understanding that scientific knowledge is gathered through various forms of direct and indirect observations and the testing of this information by methods including, but not limited to, experimentation. They will be able to distinguish between types of scientific knowledge (e.g., hypotheses, laws, theories) and become aware of areas of active research in contrast to conclusions that are part of established scientific consensus. They will use their scientific knowledge to assess the costs, risks, and benefits of technological systems as they make personal choices and participate in public policy decisions. These insights will help them analyze the role science plays in society, technology, and potential career opportunities.
E1.1 Scientific Inquiry E1.1A Generate new questions that can be investigated in the laboratory or field. E1.1B Evaluate the uncertainties or validity of scientific conclusions using an understanding of sources of measurement error, the challenges of controlling variables, accuracy of data analysis, logic of argument, logic of experimental design, and/or the dependence on underlying assumptions. E1.1D Identify patterns in data and relate them to theoretical models. E1.1E Describe a reason for a given conclusion using evidence from an investigation. E1.1f Predict what would happen if the variables, methods, or timing of an investigation were changed. E1.1g Based on empirical evidence, explain and critique the reasoning used to draw a scientific conclusion or explanation. E1.1i Distinguish between scientific explanations that are regarded as current scientific consensus and the emerging questions that active researchers investigate. E1.2 Scientific Reflection and Social Implications E1.2A Critique whether or not specific questions can be answered through scientific investigations. E1.2B Identify and critique arguments about personal or societal issues based on scientific evidence. E1.2C Develop an understanding of a scientific concept by accessing information from multiple sources. Evaluate the scientific accuracy and significance of the information. E1.2D Evaluate scientific explanations in a peer review process or discussion format. E1.2f Critique solutions to problems, given criteria and scientific constraints. E1.2h Describe the distinctions between scientific theories, laws, hypotheses, and observations. E1.2i Explain the progression of ideas and explanations that lead to science theories that are part of the current scientific consensus or core knowledge. E1.2k Analyze how science and society interact from a historical, political, economic, or social perspective. STANDARD E2: EARTH SYSTEMS Students describe the interactions within and between Earth systems. Students will explain how both fluids (water cycle) and solids (rock cycle) move within Earth systems and how these movements form and change their environment. They will describe the relationship between physical process and human activities and use this understanding to demonstrate an ability to make wise decisions about land use.
E2.1 Earth Systems Overview E2.1B Analyze the interactions between the major systems (geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere) that make up the Earth. E2.1C Explain, using specific examples, how a change in one system affects other Earth systems. E2.3 Biogeochemical Cycles E2.3A Explain how carbon exists in different forms such as limestone (rock), carbon dioxide (gas), carbonic acid (water), and animals (life) within Earth systems and how those forms can be beneficial or harmful to humans. E5.4A Explain the natural mechanism of the greenhouse effect, including comparisons of the major greenhouse gases (water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone). E5.4B Describe natural mechanisms that could result in signifi cant changes in climate (e.g., major volcanic eruptions, changes in sunlight received by the earth, and meteorite impacts). E5.4C Analyze the empirical relationship between the emissions of carbon dioxide, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, and the average global temperature over the past 150 years. E5.4D Based on evidence of observable changes in recent history and climate change models, explain the consequences of warmer oceans (including the results of increased evaporation, shoreline and estuarine impacts, oceanic algae growth, and coral bleaching) and changing climatic zones (including the adaptive capacity of the biosphere). E5.4e Based on evidence from historical climate research (e.g. fossils, varves, ice core data) and climate change models, explain how the current melting of polar ice caps can impact the climatic system. Copyright © 2001-2015 State of Michigan | |
